在初中的英語學習過程中，語音、詞匯和語法是三個非常重要的要素。下面是小編帶來的初中英語語法句子結構，歡迎閱讀!

初中英語語法句子結構閱讀

一、句子成分精講

句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語等。

主要成分：主語和謂語

1、主語

一個句子中需要加以說明或描述的對象。主語的位置：

The school is far from here. 名詞做主語

She goes to school by bike.

Eight is a lucky number.

The blind need more help. 代詞做主語 數詞做主語 名詞化的形容詞做主語

There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語

Predicting the future is interesting.

To be a doctor is my dream.

2、謂語

表示人或事物(主語)的動作和存在的狀態.

英語中由動詞be、動詞have和行為動詞來充當謂語動詞 句子的時態和語態是通過謂語表現出來。

謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的構成。 分析句子的主語和謂語

Mr. Li teaches English.

He can play the piano.

My parents and I are having dinner.

3、表語

用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質、狀態。

表語的位置

用在動詞be和系動詞的后面。

名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連系動詞一起構成復合謂語。 Your pen is on the desk.

He got very angry.

My dream is to have a robot. 動名詞做主語 不定式短語做主語

常見的系動詞

1. be動詞

2. 與感覺有關的動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

3. 表示狀態變化的動詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等

上述兩類詞作連系動詞時要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。

4、賓語

是動作的對象或承受者。.

及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞.

不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞.

賓語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、從句構成.

I saw a plane in the sky just now.

I want three. 名詞做賓語 數詞做賓語

I like going shopping. 動名詞做賓語

We think predicting the future is hard.

5、賓語補足語(賓補) 賓語從句

有些及物動詞除了要有一個賓語之外, 還須加上一個補足語。如果沒有補足語(賓補), 有時候句子的意思就不完整。 充當賓補的有:

1. 形容詞作賓語補足語

The sun keeps us warm.

2. 介詞短語作賓語補足語:

I found her in the room.

3. 副詞作賓語補足語。

Please let him in.

4. 名詞作賓語補足語。

We made him monitor of the class.

5. 動詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補足語。

I asked him to come.

6、定語

定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的……的)

1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在后面)

They have a clever son.

I have something important to tell you.

2. 名詞作定語:

Is it a color film?

名詞作定語一般用單數形式, 如:

school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復數,它們總以復數的形式作定語,如:

men drivers , women doctors

3. 代詞作定語:

This song is better than that one.

4. 數詞作定語:

There are only thirty students in our class.

帶有數字的復合形容詞.當復合形容詞用連字號連接時,其中的名詞要用單數形式.

a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

5. 副詞作定語():

Do you know the young man over there?

6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):

The students in our class like swimming.

7、狀語

1. 副詞作狀語:

The old man is walking slowly.

The boy is very clever.

2. 介詞短語作狀語: 表方式 表程度

I have lived in Shanghai for five years.

3. 不定式作狀語 表時間

I come here to see you.

4. 現在分詞作狀語 表目的

The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

5. 狀語從句

We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

狀語的位置

1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。

We like our school very much.

2.為了強調狀語,可以把它放在句首.

I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

用于行為動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態動詞后

I usually get up early.

He is often late.

一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.

The actor only sang a song.

Only the actor sang a song.

The actor sang only one song.

兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序

1. 地點狀語在前, 時間狀語在后.

We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大

Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點副詞, 時間副詞 She sang very well at the meeting last night.

時間和地點狀語也可以位于句首, 表示強調或使上下文更為連貫

Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

初中英語語法句子結構練習

一、把下列陳述句改為一般疑問句并作簡略回答。 (28分)

1.There is no water in the bottle.

2.She can sing and dance very well.

3.He has a brother in the United States.

4.It often rains in summer here.

5.Her cousin lives in Suzhou.

6.They always played together at that time.

7.Tom got home very late yesterday.

二、翻譯下列各句 (16分)

1.咱們一起玩吧!

2.請不要遲到.

3.回答這個問題.

4.我來打開窗戶好嗎?

三、把下列的句子改為感嘆句。(答案不唯一) (20分) ⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.

⒉ A: Mr. Wang is a busy man.

⒊ A: The cat is very happy.

⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly.

⒌ A: He is very lucky.

⒍ A: It is a wet day today.

⒎ A: They started early.

⒏ A: They waited a long time.

⒐ A: He is wearing a large shirt.

⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily.

四、找出下列句子中的錯誤，并改寫為正確的句子。(16分)

1、I did lost my wallet yesterday.

2、The soup smell terrible.

3、John don’t like rock music.

4、He must knows the chairman.

5、Do Frank come from England?

6、Stop talk, class begins.

7、How is delicious the soup!

8、Let go shopping now.

五、連詞成句并說出意思 (20分)

1、has, every, he, three, meals, day.

2、is, this, interesting, film, how!

3、she, speak, not, French, can?